One of the key challenges in climate change science is to assess the magnitude of future climate change. Uncertainties associated with predictions remain large due to the shortness of our observational records (at best 150 years) and the absence of high-impact climate events therein to serve as an analogue for future change. This is especially problematic when estimating Arctic climate change because the response in the Arctic is amplified relative to the global mean, making the Arctic the most sensitive and vulnerable environment with regards to global warming. The North Atlantic and Nordic Seas are also one of the most important regions throughout the global oceans for the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) having absorbed one fourth of the total fossil fuel emissions since preindustrial times. In the Nordic Seas, the uptake of CO2 is linked to the formation of cold North Atlantic Deepwater (NADW) and thereby the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. While it is evident that the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere is crucial when considering future climate change, it remains uncertain how (if) a warmer than present ocean will continue to moderate the effect of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This fundamental question remains to be answered especially since changing rates in CO2 absorptions are not considered in future climate change scenarios. Equally concerning is the potential of acidification and de-oxygenation of North Atlantic deep waters that may irreversibly damage vulnerable deep-sea habitats and their biodiversity.